Today I Learned:
1) As of a couple years ago, the most thoroughly-studied ant pheremone system was that of the invasive red fire ant.
2) The supercoils introduced during transcription and replication are permanent. They're not just a physical winding that can be relaxed easily -- those supercoils are at least some of the time made permanent by helicases and gyrases.
3) It seems there have been a number of studies of off-target binding by Cas9. One of the somewhat (though not very) surprising findings is that Cas9 binding is not very predictive of Cas9 cutting. The vast majority of off-target binding sites don't get cut, and it isn't always the strongest-bound sites that do get cut. Moreover, sequence similarity (measured by simple Hamilton distance) is not a good predictor of where Cas9 will bind. Off-target binding sites do, however, pretty much universally have a correct PAM site upstream of the target.
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